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Python/C/C++/JAVA

Advanced Practice Programs with Code and Concept

By D.S

Binary Search

Binary search is a widely used algorithm that enables searching for an element in an ordered list. It works by repeatedly dividing the list in half to narrow down the potential location of the target element, thereby achieving faster and more efficient search results, particularly when dealing with large amounts of data. Writing a program to implement binary search in C can be quite straightforward and involves first sorting the array elements in ascending order using any sorting algorithm like bubble sort or insertion sort.

(a.) C Code

#include <stdio.h>

int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x) {
    while (l <= r) {
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2;

        if (arr[m] == x)
            return m;

        if (arr[m] < x)
            l = m + 1;

        else
            r = m - 1;
    }

    return -1;
}

int main(void) {
    int arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 10, 40};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int x = 10;
    int result = binarySearch(arr, 0, n - 1, x);
    (result == -1) ? printf("Element is not present in array")
                   : printf("Element is present at index %d", result);
    return 0;
}
Output:-
Element is present at index 3

(b.) C++ Code

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x) {
    while (l <= r) {
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2;

        if (arr[m] == x)
            return m;

        if (arr[m] < x)
            l = m + 1;

        else
            r = m - 1;
    }

    return -1;
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 10, 40};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int x = 10;
    int result = binarySearch(arr, 0, n - 1, x);
    (result == -1) ? cout << "Element is not present in array"
                   : cout << "Element is present at index " << result;
    return 0;
}
Output:-
Element is present at index 3

(c.) Python Code

def binary_search(arr, x):
    l = 0
    r = len(arr) - 1
    while l <= r:
        mid = l + (r - l) // 2
        if arr[mid] == x:
            return mid
        elif arr[mid] < x:
            l = mid + 1
        else:
            r = mid - 1
    return -1

arr = [2, 3, 4, 10, 40]
x = 10
result = binary_search(arr, x)

if result != -1:
    print("Element is present at index", result)
else:
    print("Element is not present in array")
Output:-
Element is present at index 3

(d.) Java Code

import java.util.Arrays;

public class BinarySearch {
    int binarySearch(int arr[], int x) {
        int l = 0, r = arr.length - 1;
        while (l <= r) {
            int m = l + (r - l) / 2;

            if (arr[m] == x)
                return m;

            if (arr[m] < x)
                l = m + 1;

            else
                r = m - 1;
        }

        return -1;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        BinarySearch ob = new BinarySearch();
        int arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 10, 40};
        int n = arr.length;
        int x = 10;
        int result = ob.binarySearch(arr, x);
        if (result == -1)
            System.out.println("Element is not present in array");
        else
            System.out.println("Element is present at index " + result);
    }
}
Output:-
Element is present at index 3

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